Following the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660, Charles II retook ownership of Hyde Park and enclosed it in a brick wall. During the Great Plague of London in 1665, Hyde Park was used as a military camp. It realised £17,000 with an additional £765 6s 2d for the resident deer. In 1652, during the Interregnum, Parliament ordered the then 620-acre (250 ha) park to be sold for "ready money". The latter included a strongpoint where visitors to London could be checked and vetted.
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At the start of the English Civil War in 1642, a series of fortifications were built along the east side of the park, including forts at what is now Marble Arch, Mount Street and Hyde Park Corner. It quickly became a popular gathering place, particularly for May Day celebrations. Charles I created the Ring (north of the present Serpentine boathouses), and in 1637 he opened the park to the general public. It was enclosed as a deer park and remained a private hunting ground until James I permitted limited access to gentlefolk, appointing a ranger to take charge. Hyde Park was created for hunting by Henry Vlll in 1536 after he acquired the manor of Hyde from the Abbey. Through the Middle Ages, it was property of Westminster Abbey, and the woods in the manor were used both for firewood and shelter for game. The name is believed to be of Saxon origin, and means a unit of land, the hide, that was appropriate for the support of a single family and dependents. The park's name comes from the Manor of Hyde, which was the northeast sub-division of the manor of Eia (the other two sub-divisions were Ebury and Neyte) and appears as such in the Domesday Book. During daylight, the two parks merge seamlessly into each other, but Kensington Gardens closes at dusk, and Hyde Park remains open throughout the year from 5 a.m. Hyde Park covers 142 hectares (350 acres), and Kensington Gardens covers 111 hectares (275 acres), giving a total area of 253 hectares (625 acres). Kensington Gardens has been separate from Hyde Park since 1728, when Queen Caroline divided them. The Serpentine is to the south of the park area. The dividing line runs approximately between Alexandra Gate to Victoria Gate via West Carriage Drive and the Serpentine Bridge. To the west, Hyde Park merges with Kensington Gardens. The park has been Grade I listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens since 1987. James's Park and Buckingham Palace Gardens.
To the southeast, outside the park, is Hyde Park Corner, beyond which is Green Park, St. Further north is Paddington, further east is Mayfair and further south is Belgravia. It is bounded on the north by Bayswater Road, to the east by Park Lane, and to the south by Knightsbridge. Hyde Park is the largest Royal Park in central London. Major events in the park have continued into the 21st century, such as Live 8 in 2005, and the annual Hyde Park Winter Wonderland from 2007.
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In the late 20th century, the park was known for holding large-scale free rock music concerts, featuring groups such as Pink Floyd, The Rolling Stones and Queen. Speakers' Corner has been established as a point of free speech and debate since 1872, while the Chartists, the Reform League, the suffragettes, and the Stop the War Coalition have all held protests there. The Great Exhibition of 1851 was held in the park, for which The Crystal Palace, designed by Joseph Paxton, was erected.įree speech and demonstrations have been a key feature of Hyde Park since the 19th century. Several duels took place in Hyde Park during this time, often involving members of the nobility. Major improvements occurred in the early 18th century under the direction of Queen Caroline. It opened to the public in 1637 and quickly became popular, particularly for May Day parades. The park was established by Henry VIII in 1536 when he took the land from Westminster Abbey and used it as a hunting ground. The park is divided by the Serpentine and the Long Water lakes.
It is the largest of four Royal Parks that form a chain from the entrance of Kensington Palace through Kensington Gardens and Hyde Park, via Hyde Park Corner and Green Park past the main entrance to Buckingham Palace. Hyde Park is a Grade I-listed major park in Central London. National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens
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